Post 150.
Within the Catholic intellectual tradition, Catholic music can be perceived as classist, which contrast with the motto of the current Church, “a church that is poor for the poor.” Pope Francis used this phrase in 2013, and this motto is embodied today in the work of the Society of St. Vincent De Paul with the poor and homeless, the Dismas Ministry in prisons, Pax Christi working to end nuclear proliferation, and many others. But this is not only a modern motto. The Church founded the earliest hospitals in the 4th Century, the first schools in Europe in the 11th Century, and restricted the rights of slave owners through the Theodosian Code of 438, banning then widespread Roman practices of concubinage and rape, as well as protecting abandoned infants from this (https://droitromain.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/Codex_Theod.htm).
On the musical arts side of this paradox, Pope Pius XII wrote extensively on sacred music, including rejecting the “outworn dictum ‘art for art’s sake’,” confessing that music is the servant to sacred liturgy, that Gregorian chant ought to be upheld, and that an artist’s freedom ought to be “ennobled and perfected” by divine law. In his encyclical Musicae-Sacrae, the Church is cautioned “to protect sacred music against anything that might lessen its dignity,” and “take the greatest care to prevent whatever might be unbecoming to sacred worship or anything that might distract the faithful in attendance from lifting their minds up to God” (https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-xii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xii_enc_25121955_musicae-sacrae.html).
It seems that today three figures are revered uppermost: St. Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179), acknowledged as the master of plainchant and as a doctor of the church, Giovanni da Palestrina (1525-1594), endorsed as perfecting Catholic polyphony, and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791), conceivably the greatest genius of Catholic sacred music. Other Catholic composers, William Byrd, Monteverdi, Vivaldi, Haydn, Beethoven, List, Dvořák, Edward Elgar, and Olivier Messiaen, are the significant figures in Western Music history. These figures can dominate discussions of Catholic music, and, as a result, dominate our understanding of Beauty. However, the Catholic musical tradition isn’t limited to classical music. Jazz artists Mary Lou Williams, Dave Brubeck, and Vince Guaraldi each composed poignant masses. Rather than offering a strong contrast with the classical mass tradition, these jazz masses are more high art than common.
Today, Catholic music using more popular stylistic elements are portrayed as contentious, while Classical musical forms are endorsed. This seemingly contrarian viewpoint might best be summed up in a recent post on the well-known website, Catholic Answers, in which old-fashioned standards like On Eagle’s Wings are described as “cheesy.” The post then produces of list of songs, calling for the elimination of these popular Christian songs from mass, which may not be unfounded (beside the point I am making here), and finally advocates that Gregorian chant “be given pride of place in liturgical services” (https://www.catholic.com/audio/cot/these-worship-songs-need-to-be-abolished). Whether or not one appreciates Gregorian chant, or Renaissance polyphony upon those plainchants, and I certainly do, this is not the common music of the poor, who the Church aims to be.
This is more the music of monarchs, capitalists, bishops, and the cathedrals in urbane cities than the music of the poor who might attend the small parishes serving the rural and urban poor. And therein lies the paradox, a church that is poor for the poor cannot be the church of the that is perfect for the perfect alone; that is cultured for the cultured alone; that is intelligent for the intelligent alone; or that is elite for the elites alone. A church that is poor for the poor, the church of St. Francis of Assisi, St. John Bosco, St. Teresa of Calcutta, St. Katharine Drexel, and Dorothy Day’s Catholic Worker Movement, that fully serves the poorest of the poor by meeting them where they are, this church, must at times be poor in music.
Daniel J. Shevock
Link to image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mother_Teresa_by_Ariel_Quiroz_-_Portrait.jpg
Within the Catholic intellectual tradition, Catholic music can be perceived as classist, which contrast with the motto of the current Church, “a church that is poor for the poor.” Pope Francis used this phrase in 2013, and this motto is embodied today in the work of the Society of St. Vincent De Paul with the poor and homeless, the Dismas Ministry in prisons, Pax Christi working to end nuclear proliferation, and many others. But this is not only a modern motto. The Church founded the earliest hospitals in the 4th Century, the first schools in Europe in the 11th Century, and restricted the rights of slave owners through the Theodosian Code of 438, banning then widespread Roman practices of concubinage and rape, as well as protecting abandoned infants from this (https://droitromain.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/Codex_Theod.htm).
On the musical arts side of this paradox, Pope Pius XII wrote extensively on sacred music, including rejecting the “outworn dictum ‘art for art’s sake’,” confessing that music is the servant to sacred liturgy, that Gregorian chant ought to be upheld, and that an artist’s freedom ought to be “ennobled and perfected” by divine law. In his encyclical Musicae-Sacrae, the Church is cautioned “to protect sacred music against anything that might lessen its dignity,” and “take the greatest care to prevent whatever might be unbecoming to sacred worship or anything that might distract the faithful in attendance from lifting their minds up to God” (https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-xii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xii_enc_25121955_musicae-sacrae.html).
It seems that today three figures are revered uppermost: St. Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179), acknowledged as the master of plainchant and as a doctor of the church, Giovanni da Palestrina (1525-1594), endorsed as perfecting Catholic polyphony, and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791), conceivably the greatest genius of Catholic sacred music. Other Catholic composers, William Byrd, Monteverdi, Vivaldi, Haydn, Beethoven, List, Dvořák, Edward Elgar, and Olivier Messiaen, are the significant figures in Western Music history. These figures can dominate discussions of Catholic music, and, as a result, dominate our understanding of Beauty. However, the Catholic musical tradition isn’t limited to classical music. Jazz artists Mary Lou Williams, Dave Brubeck, and Vince Guaraldi each composed poignant masses. Rather than offering a strong contrast with the classical mass tradition, these jazz masses are more high art than common.
Today, Catholic music using more popular stylistic elements are portrayed as contentious, while Classical musical forms are endorsed. This seemingly contrarian viewpoint might best be summed up in a recent post on the well-known website, Catholic Answers, in which old-fashioned standards like On Eagle’s Wings are described as “cheesy.” The post then produces of list of songs, calling for the elimination of these popular Christian songs from mass, which may not be unfounded (beside the point I am making here), and finally advocates that Gregorian chant “be given pride of place in liturgical services” (https://www.catholic.com/audio/cot/these-worship-songs-need-to-be-abolished). Whether or not one appreciates Gregorian chant, or Renaissance polyphony upon those plainchants, and I certainly do, this is not the common music of the poor, who the Church aims to be.
This is more the music of monarchs, capitalists, bishops, and the cathedrals in urbane cities than the music of the poor who might attend the small parishes serving the rural and urban poor. And therein lies the paradox, a church that is poor for the poor cannot be the church of the that is perfect for the perfect alone; that is cultured for the cultured alone; that is intelligent for the intelligent alone; or that is elite for the elites alone. A church that is poor for the poor, the church of St. Francis of Assisi, St. John Bosco, St. Teresa of Calcutta, St. Katharine Drexel, and Dorothy Day’s Catholic Worker Movement, that fully serves the poorest of the poor by meeting them where they are, this church, must at times be poor in music.
Daniel J. Shevock
Link to image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mother_Teresa_by_Ariel_Quiroz_-_Portrait.jpg
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